Match-fixing or Manipulation. Players may not match-fix or otherwise manipulate the outcome of any match or competition or request, encourage, or instruct others to manipulate it. Manipulation is defined as the unlawful or undue influence or alteration, directly or indirectly, by an act or an omission, of the course, result, or any other aspect of a match (i.e. spot-fixing) or a competition, irrespective of whether the behavior is committed for financial gain, sporting advantage, or any other purpose. For the purposes of this rule, manipulation also includes any attempt to manipulate, any action that creates the appearance of manipulation, and/or any behavior that could reasonably give rise to suspicions of manipulation, whether or not the manipulation is ultimately carried out or successful.
